June 14th marks National Bourbon Day, celebrating the Official Spirit of America. Similar to Scotch, Cognac, and select spirits, Bourbon must adhere to particular criteria and originate from a distinct geographical area to bear its name. This whiskey earns the title "Bourbon" exclusively when distilled within the United States. Distillers must adhere to specific standards to rightfully label their whiskey as "Bourbon" under the law.

What is Bourbon?

Bourbon is a type of whiskey primarily made from corn, and it is known for its smooth and slightly sweet flavor profile. The U.S. government defines bourbon through specific legal criteria, ensuring its uniqueness among other whiskeys.

Legal Definition of Bourbon:

1. Mash Bill: Bourbon must be made from a grain mixture that is at least 51% corn. The remaining portion is typically made up of malted barley, rye, or wheat.
2. Distillation: It must be distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume).
3. Barrel Aging: Bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels, which contribute to its rich flavor and color.
4. Alcohol Content at Barreling: The spirit must enter the barrel at no more than 125 proof (62.5% alcohol by volume).
5. Bottling Proof: It must be bottled at no less than 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume).
6. Production Location: While bourbon is commonly associated with Kentucky, it can be produced anywhere in the United States.

Historical Background

The history of bourbon is closely tied to the early settlement of America, particularly the Appalachian and Bluegrass regions. Some key milestones in the development of bourbon include:

1. Early Settlers and Whiskey Production: In the late 18th century, settlers of Scottish, Irish, and German descent brought their knowledge of distilling whiskey to Kentucky and other parts of the frontier. Corn, which was plentiful, became a primary ingredient.

2. Bourbon County: Bourbon whiskey got its name from Bourbon County, Kentucky, one of the original counties formed when Kentucky was still part of Virginia. Distillers in the area shipped their whiskey down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans in barrels stamped "Old Bourbon," leading to the whiskey being called "Bourbon."

3. The Bottled in Bond Act (1897): The U.S. government passed the Bottled in Bond Act, which established standards for the aging, bottling, and authenticity of bourbon. This legislation helped ensure the quality of bourbon and protected consumers from adulterated or misrepresented products.

4. Post-Prohibition Boom: After Prohibition ended in 1933, bourbon production surged. Brands like Jim Beam, Maker’s Mark, and Wild Turkey became synonymous with American whiskey culture.

How National Bourbon Day is Celebrated

National Bourbon Day offers enthusiasts an opportunity to appreciate bourbon in various ways. Here are some common ways the day is celebrated:

1. Tastings and Pairings: Many bars, distilleries, and restaurants host special bourbon tastings, showcasing different varieties and ages. These events may also pair bourbon with foods like chocolate, BBQ, or cheeses to highlight its flavor profile.

2. Distillery Tours: Kentucky's Bourbon Trail, a collection of distilleries that offer tours and tastings, is a popular destination for bourbon lovers. National Bourbon Day often sees an influx of visitors eager to explore the production process.

3. Bourbon Cocktails: While bourbon can be enjoyed neat or on the rocks, it is also a key ingredient in many classic cocktails. Popular bourbon cocktails include:

   • Old Fashioned
   • Mint Julep
   • Whiskey Sour
   • Manhattan

4. Social Media and Hashtags: Bourbon enthusiasts share their experiences on social media using hashtags like #NationalBourbonDay or #BourbonDay. People post pictures of their favorite bourbon bottles, cocktails, or distillery visits.

5. Special Bottlings and Releases: Some distilleries release limited-edition bottles or special bourbons to commemorate National Bourbon Day, making it an exciting time for collectors and aficionados.

Fun Facts About Bourbon

1. Kentucky Dominance: Around 95% of the world’s bourbon is produced in Kentucky, with the state boasting more barrels of bourbon aging in warehouses than people.

2. Bourbon and the Law: In 1964, Congress declared bourbon a "distinctive product of the United States," meaning that only whiskey made in the U.S. can legally be called bourbon.

3. The Angel’s Share: During the aging process, some of the bourbon evaporates from the barrel, known as the angel’s share. This can be up to 10% of the barrel per year, depending on the climate.

4. Bourbon Cocktails’ Rise in Popularity: The resurgence of classic cocktails, such as the Old Fashioned and Manhattan, in recent years has brought bourbon back into the spotlight as a key component of sophisticated, timeless drinks.

Bourbon in American Culture

Bourbon has played an important role in American culture, symbolizing craftsmanship, heritage, and a spirit of innovation. It is often seen as an emblem of Southern hospitality and is tied to traditional events like the Kentucky Derby, where the Mint Julep (a bourbon-based cocktail) is the official drink.

Bourbon's versatility also makes it a common ingredient in cooking, often used in marinades, glazes, sauces, and desserts like bourbon pecan pie.

Notable Bourbon Brands

Some of the most famous and popular bourbon brands include:

• Jim Beam: One of the oldest bourbon producers, founded in 1795.
• Maker’s Mark: Known for its signature red wax-sealed bottles.
• Wild Turkey: Popular for its high-proof offerings.
• Buffalo Trace: One of the most awarded bourbon distilleries.
• Woodford Reserve: A premium, small-batch bourbon often used in high-end cocktails.

Conclusion

National Bourbon Day is a celebration of one of America's most iconic spirits, offering a chance for enthusiasts to enjoy bourbon, learn more about its history, and appreciate the craftsmanship that goes into making it. Whether sipping bourbon neat, mixing it into cocktails, or exploring distilleries, National Bourbon Day is a day to raise a glass to this distinctly American whiskey.